A root canal treats a tooth whose inner pulp (the nerve) has become infected or badly decayed, so the tooth can be kept instead of extracted. The clinician removes the infected tissue, cleans and shapes the canals, then seals them and usually fits a crown to protect the tooth afterwards.
Most cases take one or two visits of about 60–90 minutes each, under local anaesthetic. The price depends mainly on how many canals the tooth has (back teeth have more) and whether a crown or post is needed. Ask the clinic what is included in the quoted price.